Phofsit Daibuun Diexnzuo poix De 2  kii¡m´¶¹ê¥x¤å¡n¹q¤l³ø²Ä¤G´Á

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Daioaan Gybuun Giefnkiux Sia Hoatheeng. ¥xÆW»y¤å¬ã¨sªÀµo¦æ    ºô§}¡Ghttp://Daibuun.org.tw/

Zef si cit hun Sengoah ee, Qoihak ee, Phofphiexn ee, Sidiong ee, Qinsafng ee Daigie diexnzuo-poix.

³o¬O¤@¥÷¥Í¬¡ªº¡B¬ì¾Çªº¡B´¶¹Mªº¡B¹ê¥Îªº¡B»´ÃPªº¥x»y¹q¤l³ø

Daioaan Gaxngie(¥xÆW¿Î»y): Cit liap zhanlee zuo kao voar tngf. ¤@²É¥ÐÁ³µN¤E¸J´ö¡C

Purn kii boglok(¥»´Á¥Ø¿ý):

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[Oaqdong siausid]¡i¬¡°Ê®ø®§¡j

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[Byle ee Daioaan Iaqar] Seadiap. ¡i¬üÄRee¥xÆW½¹½º¡j²Ó½º

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[Qoihak Sindy] Spin diexnzuo goankvia.¡i¬ì¾Ç·sª¾¡jSpin¹q¤l¤¸¥ó

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[Daigie Chioiroe] Chioiroe Nng Siuo. ¡i¥x»y¯º¸Ü¡j¯º¸Ü¨â­º

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[Daigie Dongsy] Lok Ze ¡i¥x»y­ð¸Ö¡j³À®ã

PSDB¡n [Toankii Korsu] Juu Zexngix kofng gu Zaosiin(2). / «\²b·N¤½¹J¨_¯«[2]

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[Gynar Korsu] Tviaf Azor Kofngkor cy "Lyhii Koniuu"¡i¦_¥J¬G¨Æ¡jÅ¥ªü¯ªÁ¿¥j¤§¡qÃU³½©h®Q¡r

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[Jixmseg Daigie] Daigie ee Dafn Bwym. ¡i»{ÃÑ¥x»y¡j¥x»yªº³æ¥À­µ

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[Oaqdong Siausid]. ¡i¬¡°Ê®ø®§¡j

Oanzoaan iong Daioaan oe siar ee korsu zheq: "Tviaf azor kofngkor" ykefng zhutparn lox, hoangeeng korbuea.

 §¹¥þ¥Î¥xÆW¸Ü¼gee¬G¨Æ¥U¡G¡uÅ¥ªü¯ªÁ¿¥j¡v¤w¸g¥Xª©¤F¡IÅwªïÁʶR¡C

Purn zheq si iuu Doiq Zhengphoy kielok yn kuxkofng, Karn Giogtofng siensvy, sor korng ee gynar korsu, zaix kasiong zokciar ee doixtak kab kaysiar, piendux jiseeng. Zofngkiong siucip liao 10 phvy ee gynar korsu. Muie cit phvy lorng chiongboarn dioih zabciog ee hiongtor bi kab kaoiok sexng. Oanzoaan diefnhien zhud larn zofsiefn hid ciorng phoksit koiq chimqeg ee diehui. Mxkoarn zoiruii hiuhaan, kaozaai, iafsi giefnkiux lofngsi cit purn cyn hoir ee tagbut. Daddid dagke laai ka tak qvoarmai.

¥»¥U¬O¥Ñ¨ô²Mªi°O¿ýyn¸¤¤½Â²¥É³q¥ý¥Í©ÒÁ¿ee¦_¥J¬G¨Æ¡A¦A¥[¤W§@ªÌee¾ÉŪkab§ï¼g¡B½sµÛ¦Ó¦¨¡CÁ`¦@¦¬¶°¤F¤Q½gee¦_¥J¬G¨Æ¡A¨C¤@½gÃl¥Rº¡µÛ¤Q¨¬ee¶m¤g¨ý©M±Ð¨|©Ê¡C§¹¥þ®i ²{¥X«¥¯ª¥ý©¼ºØ¾ë¹êÀÁ²`¨èee´¼¼z¡A¤£ºÞ°µ¬°¥ð¶¢¡B±Ð§÷¡Biafsi¬ã¨sÃl¬O¤@¥»¯u¦neeŪª«¡A­È±o¤j®a¨ÓkaŪ¬Ý³V¡C

    ¡q½s¿è«Ç¡r

Tviaf Azor Kofngkor Zofngkiong u 10 phvy gynar korsu:

1. Siaam nafue hao? ÂÍ«ç»ò·|¥s¡H
2. Lyhii koniuuÃU³½©h®Q
3. Doa piq cviaf¤jžºë
4. Zhanlee kix¥ÐÁ³°O
5. Lak hviadi¤»¥S§Ì
6. Nng ee lauxkongar¨â­Ó¦Ñ¤½¥J
7. Aix tiefn zaai, boiaix de zaai­n¤Ñ°]¡A¤£­n¦a°]
8. Ciukofng ciernhoad Toihoaluo©P¤½¾Ôªk®çªá¤k
9. Dibaq paw½Þ¦×¥]
10. Sidlok kab hoygiah­¹¸S©M´I¸Î

Daibuun sia zofngsngx u larn kaki ee baxngcie lox, yau na bueq paehorng kab liawkae citee siaxtoaan ee siausid, exdaxng kaux http://daibuun.org.tw/ citee baxngzam laai hoxngdee.

¥x¤åªÀÁ`ºâ¦³«¥®a¤veeºô¯¸Åo¡A¥H«á­Y­n«ô³Xkab¤F¸Ñ³o­ÓªÀ¹Îe e®ø®§¡A·|·í¨ì http://daibuun.org.tw/ ³o­Óºô¯¸¨Ó©^¯ù¡C

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   Byle ee Daioaan Iaqar /¡i¬üÄRee»OÆW½¹½º¡j

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Seadiap/²Ó½º, Acraea issoria formosana, Nympalidae

    Goar kinnii pueq gueh qix Sindeg Gvofhofng hiofng loxviaa sii, di Ciawzhuix Svoaf qaf ee cit liap cioiqtaau derng qvoax dioih exbin cid boea iuotaang, doi ho y iaxmle ee sekzhae sor qipirn dioih. Qvoax y di hiaf phak jidtaau, hoychinchviu ciddiarmar doi mxkviaf laang.

    §Ú¤µ¦~¤K¤ë¥h·s¦Ë¤­®p¶mÅSÀç®É¡A¦b³¾¼L¤s¸}ee¤@Áû¥ÛÀY³»¬ÝµÛ¤U­± ³o§À¥®ÂΡA´Nho¥ìÆAÄRªº¦â±m©Ò§l¤ÞµÛ¡C¬Ý¥ì¦b©¼Ãn¤éÀY ¡A¦n¿Ë¹³¤@ÂI¥JdoiËíÅå¤H¡C

    Au~laai, goar tviaf dioih u cit ui daodin qix hiaf tittooi ee pengiuo doaxsviaf hoaq korng: "Kynlaai ox! Ciaf u cit ciaq iaqar. Cyn suie!" Goar mafsiong doi zao qix qvoax. Goanlaai si cit ciaq seadiap, teeng di cit luie Phoisw kiokar defngbin.

    «á¨Ó¡A§ÚÅ¥µÛ¦³¤@¦ì´ê°}¥h©¼tittooi eeªB¤Í¤jÁn³Ü»¡¡G¡u§Ö¨Ó®@¡I³o¦³¤@°¦½º¥J¡A¯uåW¡I ¡v§Ú°¨¤W´N¨«¥h¬Ý¡C­ì¨Ó¬O¤@°¦²Ó½º¡A°±di¤@¿¶ªi´µµâ¥J³»­±¡C

     Ngg hoef phoex odiap, cincviax si suie kaq bagciw mxkafm niq. Kvoafkin iong siorngky ka hip qylaai.

    ¶Àªá°t½¹½º¡A¯u¥¿¬OåWkaq¥ØÞâËí¥Ìniq(¯w²´) ¡A»°ºò¥Î¬Û¾÷kaÄá°_¨Ó¡C

   Pwnlaai goar ma mxzay kehpiaq hid boea taang si sviafmih iaqar ee iuotaang. Ciofng sor hib ee siorngphvix kiax ho Daioaan Odiap Poyiok Haghoe ee pengiuo, Liim Pekchiofng siensvy, ciaq zaiviar, goanlaai hef doixsi seadiap ee iuotaang! Tviqae cincviax doixsi u ciahnih dwhoir ee daixcix.

    ¥»¨Ó§Ú¹ÀËíª¾¹j¾À©¼§ÀÂάO¤°»ò½º¥Jee¥®ÂΡA±N©ÒÄáee¬Û¤ù ¡A±Hho¥xÆW½¹½º«O¨|¾Ç·|eeªB¤Í--ªL¬f©÷¥ý¥Í--¤~ª¾¼v ¡A­ì¨Ó©¼´N¬O²Ó½ºee¥®ÂΡI¤Ñ¸}¤U´N¬O¦³³o»ò©Ö¦nee¥N»x¡C

    Zoaeau, bueq techvie lie cit diarm, cid ciorng odiap inui pwnsyn ue hunpix cit ciorng ngg seg dogsox. bogkoaix y ue hiahnih mxkviaf laang. Mxkoiq, lie exdaxng horngsym, cid ciorng dok si bueq tau ciawar ee, mxsi bueq tau laang ee.

    ³Ì«á¡A­n´£¿ô§A¤@ÂI¡A§YºØ½¹½º¦]¬°¥»¨­·|¤Àªc¤@ºØ¶À¦âee¬r¯À ¡A²ö©Ç¥ì·|¨º»ò¦aËíÅå¤H¡C¤£¹L¡A§A·|·í©ñ¤ß¡A§YºØ¬r¬O­ntau³¾¥J ee¡AËí¬O­ntau¤Hee¡C

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   Qoihak Sindy /¡i¬ì¾Ç·sª¾¡j

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'Spin Diexnzuo Goankvia. Spin¹q¤l¤¸¥ó                 ¤¤­ì¤j¾Çª«²z¨t°Æ±Ð±Â  ©P§Ó¶©³Õ¤h

    Spin si Engbuun miasuu, si chinchviu kanlok kaxngqoarn deq dngfseh ee iesux. Di budlie hak laixdea, spin si cidee u honghioxng ee budlie-liong, maxsi diexnzuo ee cit ciorng kipurn ee budlie serngcid ciid. Cid ciorng serngcid exdaxng ho diexnzuo cviaa zoix cidee huisioong sex ee qiptiq, doixsi budlie-hak sor korng ee magnetic dipole moment (MDM). MDM maxsi cidee u honghioxng ee budlie-liong, jichviar y di siuxdioih goaxlaai zudviuu (magnetic field) ee efnghiorng sii ue zuxdong kaypiexn honghioxng, ho y kab zudviuu ee honghioxng cixnliong sioikaang.

Spin¬O­^¤å¦Wµü¡A¬O¿Ë¹³ªûÁ³¦P´Ú¦bÂà±Ûªº·N«ä¡C¦bª«²z¾Ç¸Ì­±¡A¥¦¬O¤@­Ó¦³¤è¦Vªºª«²z¶q¡A¥ç¬O¹q¤lªº¤@ºØ°ò¥»ªºª«²z©Ê½è¤§¤@¡A³oºØ©Ê½è·|·ího¹q¤l¦¨°µ¤@­Ó«D±`¤pªº§lÅK¡A´N¬Oª«²z¾Ç©ÒÁ¿ªºmagnetic dipole moment (MDM)¡CMDM¥ç¬O¤@­Ó¦³¤è¦Vªºª«²z¶q¡A¦Ó¥B¥L¦b¨ü¨ì¥~¨ÓºÏ³õªº¼vÅT®É¡A·|¦Û°Ê§ïÅܤè¦V¡Aho¥¦kaqºÏ³õªº¤è¦VºÉ¶q¬Û¦P¡C

 

Kiejieen spin si ciahnih kipurn iukoiq ciahnih dioxngiaux ee serngcid, uixsviafmih di yzeeng ee diexnzuo goankvia laixdea booi tviaf kuex uxlaang lixiong dioih diexnzuo ee spin laai zoix goankvia neq?  Bueq hoedab citee buxndee, larn aix sefng zaiviar yha kuyee daixcix. De id, toantorng ee diexnzuo goankvia laixdea mxsi kannaf u cit ee diexnzuo di laixdea uxndong, si ciddoaxduy diexnzuo dongsii di hiaf liudong (diexnliuu). Suijieen diexnzuo inui siuxdioih diexndviuu ( electric field) ee zokiong, di goankvia laixdea ee uxndong u itdix ee honghioxng. Daxnsi diexnliuu laixdea ee diexnzuo duliao siuxdioih diexndviuu ee efnghiorng ygoa, ma dviaxdvia ue kab goankvia zailiau laixdea ee goanzuo ykip kitvaf ee diexnzuo hoxsiong sioiloxng. Zef ho diexnliuu lai diexnzuo ee spin piernzoix sarnloan ee. Doixsngx u goaxlaai zudviuu zokiong di ciahee diexnzuo, yn ee spin ma booi itdix ee honghioxng. Citsii, ciuxsngx bueq zheklioong diexnliuu ee spin ma niuu booi. Inui yn ee spin ykefng hoxsiong dysiaw qix lox. De ji, toantorng diexnzuo goankvia sor swiong ee zailiau, pyjuu Si iaxsi GaAs, pwnsyn doi booi hoatdo hunpiet diexnzuo ee spin si sviafmih honghioxng. Doi si korng, mxkoarn sviafmih spin ee diexnzuo di toantorng diexnzuo zailiau laixdea, yn sor kafmsiu dioih ee budlie efnghiorng si sioisiang ee. Sofie toantorng diexnzuo goankvia pexngbooi hoatdo laai lixiong spin citee kipurn ee budlie serngcid.

¬JµMspin ¬O³o»ò°ò¥»µS¤S³o»ò­«­nªº©Ê½è, ¬°¤°»ò¦b¥H«eªº¹q¤l¤¸¥ó¸Ì­±µLÅ¥¹L¦³¤H§Q¥Î¹q¤lªºspin ¨Ó°µ¤¸¥ó©O? ­n¦^µª³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A«¥­n¥ýª¾¼v¥H¤U´X­Ó¥N»x¡C²Ä¤@¡A¶Ç²Îªº¹q¤l¤¸¥ó¸Ì ­±¤£¬O¤z¦ý¦³¤@­Ó¹q¤l¦b¸Ì­±¹B°Ê¡A¬O¤@¤j°ï¹q¤l¦P®É¦b©¼¬y°Ê(¹q¬y)¡CÁöµM¹q¤l¦]¬°¨ü¨ì¹q³õ(electric field)ªº§@¥Î¡A¦b¤¸¥ó¸Ì­±ªº¹B°Ê¦³¤@­Pªº¤è¦V¡C¦ý¬O¹q¬y¸Ì­±ªº¹q¤l°£¤F¨ü ¨ì¹q³õªº¼vÅT¥H¥~¡A¹À±`±`·|¥Ò¤¸¥ó§÷®Æ¸Ì­±ªº­ì¤l¥H¤Î¨ä¥Lªº¹q¤l¤¬ ¬Û¬Û¼²¡C³o¤¬¹q¬y¤º¹q¤lªºspinÅܰµ´²¶Ãªº¡A´Nºâ¦³¥~¨ÓºÏ³õ§@¥Î¦b³o¨Ç¹q¤l¡A¥¦­Ìªºspin¤]µL¤@­Pªº¤è¦V¡C³o®É¡A´Nºâ­n´ú¶q¹q¬yªºspin¹À¶qµL¡A¦]¬°¥¦­Ìªº spin¤w¸g¤¬¬Û©è®ø¥h¤F¡C²Ä¤G¡A¶Ç²Î¹q¤l¤¸¥ó©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº§÷®Æ¡C¤ñ¦pSi©Î¬OGaAs¡A¥»¨­´NµLªk«×¤À§O¹q¤lªºspin¬O¤°»ò¤è¦V¡C´N¬OÁ¿¡A¤£ºÞ¤°»òspinªº¹q¤l¦b¶Ç²Î¹q¤l§÷®Æ¸Ì­±¡A¥ì©Ò·P¨üµÛªºª«²z¼vÅT¬O¬Û¦Pªº ¡C©Ò¥H¶Ç²Î¹q¤l¤¸¥ó¨ÃµLªk«×¨Ó§Q¥Îspin³o­Ó°ò¥»ªºª«²z©Ê½è.

Citmar larn doi laai suehbeeng hiahee lixiong dioih spin ee diexnzuo goankvia, itpvoaf kioirzoix Spin Diexnzuo Goankvia (SDG), u sviafmih qoarn ee hoyzhux? Bogzeeng u sviafmih qoarn ee SDG?

²{¦b«¥´N¨Ó»¡©ú¨º¨Ç§Q¥Î¨ìspin ªº¹q¤l¤¸¥ó, ¤@¯ë¥s°µspin¹q¤l¤¸¥ó(SDG), ¦³¤°»ò´Úªº¦n³B? ¥Ø«e¦³¤°»ò´ÚªºSDG?

De id ciorng SDG, kioix zoex magnetic random-access memory (MRAM). MRAM kab swiong di diexnnao siong ee RAM kaxngqoarn, lorng si diexnnao laixbin ee kieeg-tea. MRAM kab toantorng ee be-huihoad ee kieeg-tea sioisiang, di booi dien sii ma exsae poychii y ee kieeg. Daxnsi, MRAM ee hoyzhux si y booi qaikoafn sokdo ykip dionghok kielok siong ee cidkoafar kisut buxndee. Lexnggoa cit hongbin, zeazoi MRAM ee zailiau si itpvoaf dviaxdvia iong laai zeazoi diexnnao laixbin ee drive ee tak-siar taau kaxngqoarn ee ferromagnetic kimsiok habkym (ferromagnetic metallic alloys). MRAM ee kipurn goanlie, si lixiong magnetic tunnel junction laai duzuun zusixn. Larn exdaxng iong yha ee doo lai kaysueq. Juu doo, diexnzuo di cirnjip doirpeeng ee ferromagnetic layer sii yn ee spin lorng ue piernseeng kaang honghioxng. Dngf junction nng peeng ee ferromagnetic layers ee ferromagnetism si kaang honghioxng sii, diexnzuo doi exsae nngx kuex dionghngf ee insulating layer. Citee sizun, larn doi korng junction ee zoxngtai si daixpiao zusixn ¡§0¡¨. Jukoir junction nng peeng ee ferromagnetic layers ee ferromagnetism si doirperng honghioxng sii, nngx kuex insulating layer ee diexnzuo doi piexn cviaa cioir. Citsii, junction ee zoxngtai si daixpiao zusixn ¡§1¡¨. Inui ferromagnetic layers ee ferromagnetism si wndeng ee, be inui diexnlek ee siausid laai kaypiexn. Sofie MRAM ee kieeg di diexnlek siausid yau ma be booi~qix.

²Ä¤@ºØSDG, ¥s°µmagnetic ransom-access memory(MRAM). MRAM©M¨Ï¥Î¦b¹q¸£¤WªºRAM¦P¼Ë, Ãl¬O¹q¸£¤º­±ªº°O¾ÐÅé. MRAM©M¶Ç²Îªº«D´§µo°O¾ÐÅé¤@¼Ë, ¦bµL¹q®É¹À·|¨Ï«O«ù¥¦ªº°O¾Ð. ¦ý¬O, MRAMªº¦n³B¬O¥LµL¶}Ãö³t«×¥H¤Î­«½Æ°O¿ý¤Wªº¤@¹è¥J§Þ³N°ÝÃD. ¥t¥~¤@¤è­±, »s³yMRAMªº§÷®Æ¬O¤@¯ë±`±`¥Î¨Ó»s³y¹q¸£¤º­±ªºdrive ªºÅª¼gÀY¦P´Úªºferromagnetic ª÷ÄݦXª÷. MRAM ªº°ò¥»­ì²z, ¬O§Q¥Î magnetic tunnel junction ¨ÓÀx¦s¸ê°T. «¥·|·í¥Î¥H¤Uªº¹Ï¨Ó¸Ñ»¡. ¦p¹Ï, ¹q¤l¦b¶i¤J¥ªÃ䪺ferromagnetic layer®É¥¦­ÌªºspinÃl·|Åܦ¨¦P¤è¦V. ·íjunction¨â®Çªºferromagnetic layersªºferromagnetism¬O¦P¤è¦V®É, ¹q¤l´N·|¨ÏÆp¹L¤¤¥¡ªºinsulating layer. ³o­Ó®É­Ô, «¥´NÁ¿junctionªºª¬ºA¬O¥Nªí¸ê°T¡¨0¡¨.¦pªGjunction¨â®Çªºferromagnetic layersªºferromagnetism¬O¤£¦P¤è¦V®É, Æp¹Linsulating layerªº¹q¤l´NÅܫܤÖ. ³o®É, junctionªºª¬ºA¬O¥Nªí¸ê°T¡¨1¡¨. ¦]¬°ferromagnetic layersªºferromagnetism¬Oí©wªº, ¤£·|¦]¬°¹q¤Oªº®ø¥¢¨Ó§ïÅÜ. ©Ò¥HMRAMªº°O¾Ð¦b¹q¤O®ø¥¢¥H«á¤]¤£·|¨S¦³.

De ji ciorng SDG si spintronic field-effect transistor, kafndafn siar zoix spin FET. Spin FET ee sietkex juu exbin ee doo. Kab toantorng ee FET kaxngqoarn, spin FET ma u source, drain kab gate svaf ee poxhun. Boikaang ee si, y ee source kab drain si swiong ferromagnetic semiconductors ee zailiau. Dionghngf ee tonglo pitsuiaux exdaxng poychii diexnzuo ee spin ee honghioxng. Juu doo sor piawsi, gate booi diexnab ee sii tonglo laixdea pexngbooi diexndviuu. Sofu ee diexnzuo di kengkuex source yau lorng u sioisiang ee spin. Inui source kab drain yn ee ferromagnetism si sioisiang ee, sofie duy source kengkuex tonglo ee diexnliuu doi zhaputdoy exdaxng oanzoaan laau kaux drain. Daxnsi dngf gate u diexnab ee sii, tonglo laixdea ee diexnzuo yn ee spin doi ue siuxdioih diexndviuu ee efnghiorng, di tongkuex tonglo ee sii spin doi ue ciaxmciam kaypiexn honghioxng. Citee sizun, inui diexnzuo ee spin ykefng kaypiexn, sofie laau jibqix drain ee diexnliuu doi piexn qaq cioir. Chinchviu citqoarn lixiong diexndviuu laai qorngzex diexnzuo ee spin, jienau ciaq lixiong ferromagnetic zailiau laai qorngzex diexnliuu ee spin FET, pie toantorng ee FET koiq qaq hoir. Inui kaypiexn diexnzuo spin sor suiaux ee sikafn qaq cioir. Afnnef zoix zhutlaai ee spin FET ee hoafnexng sikafn kef cviaa kirn.

²Ä¤GºØspin¹q¤l¤¸¥ó¬Ospintronic field-effect transistor, ²³æ¼g°µspin FET. Spin FETªº³]­p¦p¤U­±ªº¹Ï. ©M¶Ç²ÎªºFET¦P´Ú, spin FET¹À¦³source, drain ©Mgate¤T­Ó³¡¤À . ¤£¦Pªº¬O, ¥¦ªºsource©Mdrain ¬O¨Ï¥Îferromagnetic semiconductors ªº§÷®Æ. ¤¤¥¡ªº³q¸ô¥²¶·­n·|·í«O«ù¹q¤lªºspinªº¤è¦V. ¦p¹Ï©Òªí¥Ü, gate µL¹qÀ£ªº®É³q¸ô¸Ì­±¨ÃµL¹q³õ. ©Ò¦³ªº¹q¤l¦b¸g¹Lsource¥H«áÃl¦³¤@¼Ëªºspin. ¦]¬°source©Mdrain¥¦­Ìªºferromagnetism ¬O¤@¼Ëªº, ©Ò¥H¥Ñsource¸g¹L³q¸ôªº¹q¬y´N®t¤£¦h·|·í§¹¥þ¬y¨ìdrain. ¦ý¬O·ígate¦³¹qÀ£ªº®É, ³q¸ô¸Ì­±ªº¹q¤l¥¦­Ìªºspin´N·|¨ü¨ì¹q³õªº¼vÅT, ¦b³q¹L³q¸ôªº®Éspin´N·|º¥º¥§ïÅܤè¦V. ³o­Ó®É°}, ¦]¬°¹q¤lspin¤w¸g§ïÅÜ, ©Ò¥H¬y¤J¥hdrain ªº¹q¬y´NÅÜ¥d¤Ö. ¿Ë¹³§Y´Ú§Q¥Î¹q³õ¨Ó±±¨î¹q¤lªºspin, µM«á¤~§Q¥Îferromagnetic§÷®Æªº©Ê½è¨Ó±±¨î¹q¬yªºspin FET, ¤ñ¶Ç²ÎªºFETÁÙ¸û¦n. ¦]¬°§ïÅܹq¤lspin©Ò»Ý­nªº®É¶¡¸û¤Ö. ¦w©O°µ¥X¨Óªºspin FETªº¤ÏÀ³®É¶¡¥[«D±`§Ö.

Duliao ysiong zef nng ciorng SDG ygoa, qoihak-kaf ma u sietkex cinzue ciorng lixiong diexnzuo ee spin ee budlie goankvia, daxnsi lorng suiaux sidgiam laai zerngsit. Larn di ciaf doi booi bueq cixn cit po zoix kaesiau. 

°£¤F¥H¤W³o¨âºØSDG,¥H¥~, ¬ì¾Ç®a¤]¦³³]­p«Ü¦hºØ§Q¥Î¹q¤lªºspinªºª«²z¤¸¥ó, ¦ý¬OÃl»Ý­n¹êÅç¨ÓÃÒ¹ê. «¥¦b³o´NµL ­n¶i¤@¨B°µ¤¶²Ð.

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Zengjiin cied. /±¡¤H¸`   (¨ú¦Ûºô¸ô¯º¸Ü)

    Zengjiin-cied zeeng cit axm, di ke'ar kviaa ee sizun, hionghioong tviaf dioih sinpvy u cidee zapolaang deq qaq chiuky, ka hoef diaxm dexng hoef.
  ±¡¤H¸`«e¤@·t¡Adiµó¥J¦æee®É°}¡Ahioong -hioongÅ¥µÛ¨­Ã䦳¤@ee¬d¨j¤Hdeq¥n¤â¾÷ ¡Akaªá©±­qªá¡C

    Goar ee zabor pengiuo korng: " Lie qvoax! Larn hiahnih longban! Lie lorng booi saxng laang hoef!"
   
¤k¤Í¡G¡u§A¬Ý¡I¤H¨º»ò®öº©¡I§AÃlµL°e¤Hªá¡I¡v

    Oe doi iawbe korng soaq, doi tviaf dioih hitee zapolaang koiq korng: "Chviar tex goar saxng qix De Ji Pingii-koarn!"
  ¸ÜdoiÁÙ¨S»¡§¹¡AdoiÅ¥µÛhitee¬d¨j¤HÀÁ»¡¡G ¡u½Ð´À§Ú°e¥h²Ä¤GÂl»öÀ]¡I¡v

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Chiaf ee sietpi hoong taw qix a. /¨®ee³]³Æhoong°½¥h¤F

    U cidee lym kaq zuix-bangbaang ee laang, qax diexnoe qix kerngzhad kiok poiraxn, korng y chialai ee sietpi hoong tauzao liawliao qix ax.
   
¦³¤@­Ó¶¼¥Ò¾K¯í¯íee¤H¡A¥´¹q¸Ü¨ìĵ¹î§½³ø®×¡A»¡¥L¨®¸Ìªº³]³Æho ong°½¨«¤F¤F¥h°Ú¡C

    "Mxzay doir cidee bexkiernsiaux ee laang ka goar ee giqix pafng, hongioxng pvoaa, dofngar pafng lorng tauzao qix ax. Sviaq? lieen qolierncih pafng ma teh qix!"
  ¡uËíª¾¨º¤@­Ó¥¼¨£¯ºee¤Hka§Úee»ö¾¹ªO¡B¤è¦V½L ¡B·Ù¨®ªOÃl°½¨«¥h°Ú¡IÔ£¡H³sqolierncih(Â÷¦X¾¹ )ªOma´£¥h¡I¡v

    Koax diau diexnoe yau, kerngoaan dngbueq liquy sii, diexnoe koiq hiarng ax.
    ±¾±¼¹q¸Ü¥H«á¡Aĵ­ûdwbueq(¥¿­n)Â÷¶}®É¡A¹q¸ÜkoiqÅT°Ú ¡C

    "Booi daixcix lox! Lirn mxbiern laai a." Citee zuiesiefn nar phaq ekar nar korng: "Si goar booi sioysym ze dioih auxzoi a lax........"
 ¡uµL¥N»x¨Æ¤F¡AlirnÉ`§K¨Ó°Ú¡C¡v³o­Ó¾K¥Pnar¥·§cnarÁ¿ ¡G¡u¬O§ÚµL¤p¤ß§¤µÛ«á®y°Ú°Õ.........¡v

- - - - - - - - -< Dngr Qix Defngbin >- - - - - - - - - 

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   Daigie Dongsy / ¡i¥x»y­ð¸Ö¡j        APhoy tekiofng

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Lok Ze/³À®ã      Oong Uii/¤ýºû

Qofng safn pud kiexn jiin,
ªÅ ¤s ¤£ ¨£ ¤H¡A

dan buun jiin guo hiorng.
¦ý »D ¤H »y ÅT¡C

Hoarn erng jip chym liim,
ªð ´º ¤J ²` ªL¡A

hiu ciaux zhefng tay siong.
´_ ·Ó «C ­a ¤W¡C

  

- - - - - - - - -< Dngr Qix Defngbin >- - - - - - - - - 

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¡qLIENZAIX/³s¸ü¡rToankii Korsu / ¡i¶Ç©_¬G¨Æ¡j

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Juu Zexngix kofng gu Zaosiin. / «\²b·N¤½¹J¨_¯« [2]        Laau Siauxbeeng/¼B²Ð©ú

Juu siensvy kaux 47 hoex hid nii ee kuxlek 12 gueh 29 mii, ia doixsi kueanii axm, y kab y bagciw sitbeeng ee taetaix haam y cidee zabofkviar, svaf ee laang ze di kakerng sarnchiaq ee zhux~nih, svaf ee laang liok garn buu siin, hoxsiong deq duieqvoax, kuy kefng zhux~nih kafmkag huisioong ee hibii. 
    «\¥ý¥Í¨ì47·³©¼¦~ee¹A¾ä12¤ë29º\¡A¤]´N¬O¹L¦~·t ¡A¥ìkab¥ì¥ØÞ⥢©úee¤Ó¤Ó¡Ahaam(©M)¥ì¤@­Ó¤k¨à ¡A¤Tee¤H§¤di®a¹Ò´²¨ªee®aùØ¡A¤Tee¤H¤»²´µL¯« ¡A¤¬¬Ûdeq¹ï¬Ý¡Akuy kefng¡]¾ã¶¡¡^®aùØ·Pı«D±`eeµ}·L¡C

Hutjienkafn, tviaf dioih uxlaang deq lorngmngg.
    ©¿µM¶¡¡AÅ¥µÛ¦³¤HdeqºVªù¡C

Y diarm dioih laqzeg quimngg ka qvoarmai, qvoardioih cidee syn zheng oseg dngg svaf, tauqag derng pak dioih cit diaau six kag ee porkyn, hoychinchviu si cidee siudoi ee laang, qvoax qylaai, nihoex daixqaix u go lak zap hoex lox.
    ¥ìÂIµÛÄúÀë¶}ªùka¬Ý³V¡A¬Ý¨ìcidee¨­¬ï¶Â¦âªø­m ¡AÀY´ß³»¿£µÛ¤@±ø¥|¨¤ee¥¬¤y¡A¦n¿Ë¹³¬Ocidee­×¹Dee¤H ¡A¬Ý°_¨Ó¡A¦~·³¤j·§¦³¤­¤»¤Q·³ lox¡C

Citee siudoi laang cyn u lefmau, ka y kviaa cidee lea liawau, doi ze loiqlaai. Y kaesiau y kaki Dviw, koiq korng y si: "uix cviaa hng ee sofzai dngr~laai, kengkuex lirn daw mngqao ee sii, tviaf dioih lirn zhux~nih u iuchiuu oarntaxn ee sviaym, sofie degpiet laai ka lirn uiebun cide."
    Citee (³o­Ó)­×¹D¤H¯u¦³Â§»ª¡Aka¥ì¦æ¤@­Ó§¤F«á¡A´N§¤¤U¨Ó ¡C¥ì¤¶²Ð¥ìkaki (®a¤v)©m±i¡AÀÁÁ¿µÛ¥ì¬O¡G¡uuix(±q)«Ü»·ee©Ò¦b¦^¨Ó ¡A¸g¹Llirn daw(§A­Ì®a)ªù¤fee®É¡AÅ¥µÛlirn­íùئ³¼~·T«è¹ÄeeÁn­µ ¡A©Ò¥H¯S§O¨Óka lirn¼¢°Ý¤@¤U¡v¡C

Juu siensvy qvoardioih citee chvihun-laang, simkvoaf lai kafmkag cviaa kikoaix, mxkoiq na qvoax y ee goaxpiao kab y ee kofngoe, hoychinchviu mxsi cidee penghoaan-laang, sofie, duix y huisioong ee kiongkexng. Di y dngdeq logpheg liongpoe ee sizun, citee hiexnsit ee siaxhoe, uixsviafmih iawkoiq u pengiuo ue laai ka y uiebun? Iukii si di kueanii mii, kekef hoxho lorng deq toanvii ee sizun, siafnglaang u engkafng laai zhux~nih uiebun neq? Di citee sizun u cidee laang laai ka yn uiebun, dongjieen simkvoaf lai si huisioong ee kafmkeg, sofie, duix citee siudoi-laang ia cviaa kiongkexng. 
    «\¥ý¥Í¬Ý¨ì³o­Ó¥Í¥÷¤H¡A¤ß¨x¤º·Pıcviaa(«Ü)©_©Ç ¡AÉ`¹Lna¬Ý¥ì ee¥~ªíkab¥ìeeÁ¿¸Ü¡A¦n¿Ë¹³Ëí¬O¤@­Ó¥­¤Z¤H¡A©Ò¥H ¡A¹ï¥ì«D±`ee®¥·q¡C¦b¥ì·ídeq¸¨¾z¯T¯Vee®É°} ¡A³o­Ó²{¹êeeªÀ·|¡A¬°¤°»òiawkoiq u¡]ÁÙ¦³¡^ªB¤Í·|¨Óka¥ì¼¢°Ý¡H¤×¨ä¬Odi¦b¹L¦~º\ ¡A®a®a¤á¤áÃldeq¹Î¶êee®É°}¡A½Ö¤H¦³¶¢¤u¨Ó®aùؼ¢°Ý©O ¡HDi³o­Ó®É°}¦³¤@­Ó¤H¨Óka yn(¥L­Ì)¼¢°Ý¡A·íµM¤ß¨x¤º¬O«D±`ee·P¿E¡A©Ò¥H ¡A¹ï³o­Ó­×¹D¤H¤]cviaa®¥·q¡C

Y moafpag ee utzud, kafmkag kaki si cidee u zaileeng kab hagbun ee laang, mxkoiq ciah kaux hiahnih doa ee nihoex - 47 hoex, y ee kongbeeng itdit lorng booi sengciu.¡]Di hid ee sizun, tagzheq laang uiid ee zhutlo doixsi kongbeeng, na u kongbeeng liawau, qoix dioih kokkaf ee hoxnglok ciaq exdaxng chixkef, na qoir bexdiaau kongbeeng, kakerng na cyn sarnchiaq, koiq booi ciddiafmar kengzex kizhor ee sii, si siongdofng ee kanqor.¡^
    «\¥ý¥Íº¡¸¡eeÆ{±|¡A·Pıkaki¡]®a¤v¡^¬O¤@­Ó¦³¤~¯àkab ¡]»P¡^¾Ç°Ýee¤H¡AÉ`¹Lciah¡]­¹¡^¨ì¨º»ò¤jee¦~·³-47·³ ¡Ay ee¥\¦W¤@ª½ÃlµL¦¨´N¡C¡]¦b©¼ee®É°}¡AŪ®Ñ¤H°ß¤@ee¥X¸ôdoi xsi¡]´N¬O¡^¥\¦W¡A­Y¦³¥\¦W¤F«á¡A¾aµÛ°ê®aee­Ä¸S¤~·|·í¾i®a ¡A­Y¦Òbexdiaau¡]¤£¤W¡^¥\¦W¡A®a¹Ò­Y¯usarnchiaq ¡]³h´H¡^¡Akoiq¡]¤S¡^µL¤@ÂIÂI¸gÀÙ°ò¦ee®É ¡A¬O¬Û·íeeÁ}­W¡C¡^

Di ciaf doi exdaxng qvoardioih Juu siensvy cyn kanqor, jichviar koiq zoigu dioih ciofngciorng ee putheng. Y doi korng zhud y cit six laang tagzheq kab hengchii, hoir chinchviu lorng booi sviafmih doa ee kueasid, uixsviafmih kaux hiexnzai kongbeeng itdit lorng be sengciu? Bofkviar boihoatdo poyzoaan, kviar kab zabofkviar sie~qix hiahnih zue, y sit putkex, sengoah lorng seeng buxndee.
    Di¡]¦b¡^³o´N·|·í¬Ý¨ì«\¥ý¥Ícyn¡]¯u¡A«Ü¡^Á}­W ¡A¦Ó¥Bkoiq¡]ÀÁ¡A¤S¡^¾D¹JµÛºØºØee¤£©¯¡Cy´NÁ¿¥Xy¤@six laang¡]¥@¤H¡A½ú¤l¡^Ū®Ñkab ¡]»P¡^ hengchii¡]¦æ«ù¡^¡A¦n¿Ë¹³ÃlµL¤°»ò¤jee¹L¥¢ ¡A¬°¤°»ò¨ì²{¦b¥\¦W¤@ª½Ãlbe¡]¥¼¡^¦¨´N¡H©d¤lboihoatdo ¡]¨S¿ìªk¡^«O¥þ¡A¨à¤lkab¡]»P¡^¤k¨à¦º¥h¨º»ò¦a¦h¡A¦ç­¹¤£Ä~ ¡A¥Í¬¡Ãl¦¨°ÝÃD¡C

Dongsii y koiq korng, cid kuynii laai, muie nii ee kueanii mii, y lorng ue di Zaosiin bixnzeeng sioy sobuun, y sor siar ee sobuun lorng iao exkix~did, doi ka sobuun ee iesux korng ho Dviw siensvy tviaf.
    ¦P®ÉyÀÁÁ¿¡Acid¡]³o¡^´X¦~¨Ó¡A¨C¦~ee¹L¦~©]¡AyÃl·|di ¡]¦b¡^¨_¯«­±«e¿Nsobuun¡]²¨¤å¡^¡Ay©Ò¼gee sobuun¡]²¨¤å¡^ÃlÁÙ·|°O±o¡A´Nka sobuun¡]²¨¤å¡^ee·N«äÁ¿ho±i¥ý¥ÍÅ¥¡C

Dviw siensvy korng: "Lie mxbiern koiq ka goar korng, Goar duix lirn daw ee daixcix zaiviar cviaa zhengzhoir, ia zaiviar cviaa kuo lo!"
    ±i¥ý¥ÍÁ¿¡G"§Amxbiern¡]É`§K¡A¤£¥²¡^ÀÁka§ÚÁ¿ ¡A§Ú¹ï§A­Ìdaw¡]°Â¡A®a¡^ee¥N»xzaiviar¡]ª¾¼v¡Aª¾¹D ¡^cviaa¡]«Ü¡^²M·¡¡A¤]ª¾¼vcviaa¡]«Ü¡^¤[lo¡I"¡K¡K¡K.. 
¡i2¡j

- - - - - - - - -< Dngr Qix Defngbin >- - - - - - - - -

¡qLIENZAIX/³s¸ü¡rGynar Korsu / ¡i¦_¥J¬G¨Æ¡j

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Tviaf Azor Kofngkor cy "Lyhii Koniuu" / Å¥ªü¯ªÁ¿¥j¤§¡qÃU³½©h®Q¡r

Karn Giogtofng siensvy qawsut, APhoy kielok / ²¥É³q¥ý¥Í ¤f­z¡Aªüªi°O¿ý

        Di cidee zngqaf sofzai, u cit duix bwafkviar doax di cit kefng zhux~nih. Hitee gynar ABan, dagkafng qix dioirhii laai uichii yn nng laang ee sengoah, sofie dagke lorng kioix y si Dioirhii Ban~a.
¦b¤@­Ó¶m¤U¦a¤è¡A¦³¤@¹ï¥À¤l¦í¦b¤@¶¡­íùØ­±¡C¨º­Ó¦_¥J¥s°µªü¸U ¡A¨C¤Ñ¥h³¨³½¨Óºû«ù¨â¤Hªº¥Í¬¡¡A©Ò¥H¤j®a³£¥s¥L¬O³¨³½¸U¥J¡C

Dioirhii Ban~a suijieen dagkafng cyn jixncyn qix dioirhii, mxkoiq dagpiexn qix dioix, qaq dioix doi kandaf dioix kuie niuo-ar niaxnia. Ka dioix laai ee hii teh qix diaqbie dngr~laai, sor diah ee bie ho y kab yn lauxbuo nng laang ciah, ma dwhoir niaxnia.

³¨³½¸UÁöµM¨C¤Ñ«Ü»{¯uªº¥h³¨³½¡A¤£¹L¨C¦¸³¨¡A´N¥u¯à³¨­Ó´X¨â¦Ó¤w ¡C§â³¨¨Óªº³½´£¥h¶R¦Ì¦^¨Ó¡A©Ò¶Rªº¦Ì¤]¥u°÷¥L©M¥Lªü¥À¨â¤H¦Y¦Ó¤w¡C

U cit kafng, Dioirhii Ban~a ka yn lauxbuo korng. ¡§Abuo ax. Abuo ax. Binafzaix goar sviuxbueq qaq zar qylaai cide. Sviu korng laiqix qaq hng(hvuii) ee sofzai dioix qvoarmai cide. Iafbooi, dagkafng dioix afnnef cidsutar-cidsutar, kandaf dwhoir ciah niaxnia.¡¨

¦³¤@¤Ñ¡A³¨³½¸U¸ò¥L¥À¿ËÁ¿¡C¡uªü¥À°Ú¡Iªü¥À¡I©ú¥J¸ü§Ú·Q¸û¦­°_¨Ó¤@ ¤U¡A·QÁ¿¨Ó¥h¸û»·([hvi])ªº©Ò¦b³¨¬Ý³V¤@¤U¡A§íµL¡A¨C¤Ñ³¨¦w©O¤@®h¥J¤@®h¥J ¡A¤z¦ý¦³°÷¦Yº¸º¸¡C¡v

Yn abuo korng: ¡¨Hoir a! Afbooi binafzaix doi qix qaq hng cidsutar dioix qvoarmai cide ma hoir.¡¨

¥Lªº¥À¿Ë»¡¡G¡u¦n°Ú¡I§íµL©ú¥J¸ü´N¥h¥d»·¤@ÂI³¨¬Ý³V¤@¤U¹À¦n¡C¡v

Dioirhii Ban~a , de ji kafng doi cincviax qix cidee qaq hng ee sofzai dioirhii. Dioix a dioix, soaq ho y dioix dioih cit boea cyn doa boea ee aang lyhii. Hid boea hii svef zoix cyn suie. Dioirhii Ban~a, juo qvoax juo kahix, soaq mxkafm teh qix bue. Doi ka liah dngr laai, korng bueq ho yn abuo ciah. Yn lauxbuo qvoax cide korng: ¡¨Aeioiq! Lie liah dngr laai bueq zhorngsviaq? M teh qix bue, voa bie dngr laai, larn mxciaq u png tanghoir ciah.¡¨

³¨³½¸U¥J¡A²Ä¤G¤Ñ´N¯uªº¥h¤@­Ó¸û»·ªº¦a¤è³¨³½¡C³¨°Ú³¨ ¡A¯uªº³Q¥L³¨¨ì¤F¤@§À«Ü¤j§Àªº¬õÃU³½¡C¨º§À³½¥Í±o«Üº}«G ¡C³¨³½¸U¥J¡A·U¬Ý·U³ßÅw¡A«o¤£§Ô®³¥h½æ¡C´N§â¥¦±a¤F¦^¥h ¡A»¡­nµ¹¥Lªºªü¥À¦Y¡C¥Lªü¥À¬Ý¤F»¡¡G¡u­ü³é¡I§A§ìÂà¨Ó­n³ÐÔ£ ¡HËí´£¥h½æ¡A´«¦ÌÂà¨Ó¡A«¥É`¤~¦³¶º³q¦n¦Y¡C¡v

Dioirhii Ban~a doi korng: ¡§Boaarkirn lax! Abuo ax, cid boea hii doi ciaq doa boea. Lie doi teh qix ciah. Booi bie, kinafjit ciah hancii kueadngx doi hoir a!¡¨

³¨³½¸U»¡¡G¡u¤£­nºò°Õ¡Iªü¥À°Ú¡A§Y§À³½´N»®¤j§À¡A§A´N´£¥h¦Y ¡AµL¦Ì¡A¤µ¥J¤é¦Y¿»Á¦¹L¹y´N¦n°Ú¡I¡v

Yn abuo cyhoir ka hid boea hii liah qix zaoqaf, suea-suea cide.  Zwnpi bueq ka taai. Boiiediofng, soaq qvoax dioih hid boea hii di hiaf laau bagsae. Yn lauxbuo qvoax cide, doi ka yn kviar korng: ¡¨Ban a! Ban a! Goar qvoax cid boea hii mxtafng taai. Lie ka liah dngr qix goanlaai ee sofzai, ka paxng doirdngr qix!¡¨

¥Lªü¥À¥u¦n§â¨º§À³½§ì¥h¼p©Ð¡A¬~¤@¬~¡A·Ç³Æ­n±þ¡CµL·N¤¤ ¡A¬Ý¨ì¨º³½¦b¬y²´²\¡C¥Lªü¥À¬Ý¤F¤@¤U¡A´N¹ï¥L¨à¤l»¡¡G¡u¸U°Ú ¡I¸U°Ú¡I§Ú¬Ý³o§À³½Ëí³q刣¡C§A¦@§ìÂà¥h­ì¨Óªº©Ò¦b¡A¦@©ñ­ËÂà¥h¡I¡v

Dioirhii ban~a tviaf dioih yn lauxbuo ee oe, kafmkag cyn kikoaix: ¡§Ciahnih doa boea ee hii, uixsviafmih booi bueq ka taai laai ciah?¡¨

³¨³½¸UÅ¥¤F¥ìªü¥Àªº¸Ü¡A·P¨ì«Ü©_©Ç¡G¡u³o»ò¤j§Àªº³½ ¡A¬°¤°»òµL­n¦@刣¨Ó¦Y¡H¡v

        ¡§Goar qvoax cid boea hii mxsi cit boea phoftofng ee hii. Y u lengsviax.¡¨ Dioirhii Ban~a ee lauxbuo korng, ¡§Y qvoax dioih goar bueq ka taai, soaq ue laau bagsae. Goar qvoax ka liah dngr qix paxng hoir lax.¡¨

¡u§Ú¬Ý³o§À³½¤£¬O¤@§À´¶³q³½¡A¥ì¦³ÆF¸t¡C¡v³¨³½¸Uªº¥À¿Ë»¡¡A ¡u¥ì¬ÝµÛ§Ú­n¦@刣¡A·Ù·|¬y²´²\¡A§Ú¬Ý¦@§ìÂà¥h©ñ¦n°Õ¡C¡v

Dioirhii ban~a tviaf yn lauxbuo ee oe. Cyhoir sefng ka hii chi qylaai.  Kueadngfkafng ciahkoiq ka liah dngr qix goanlaai ee sofzai, paxng y dngr qix.

³¨³½¸UÅ¥¤F¥L¥À¿Ëªº¸Ü¡A¥u¦n¥ý§â³½¾i¤F°_¨Ó¡A¹j¤Ñ¦A§â¥¦®»¦^¥h­ì¨Ó ªº¦a¤è¡A©ñ¥¦¦^¥h¡C

- - - - - - - - -< Dngr Qix Defngbin >- - - - - - - - -

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  Jixmseg Daigie / ¡i»{ÃÑ¥x»y¡j

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Daigie ee Bwym / ¥x»yee¥À­µ

    Bwym ma kioix zoix uxnbuo, si cie exdaxng dandok hoatym ee imsox.
    ¥À­µ¤]¥s°µÃý¥À¡A¬O«ü¥i¥H³æ¿Wµo­µªº­µ¯À¡C

    Daigie ee dafn bwym u 8 ciorng, Phofsit Daibuun iong a, e, i, o, u, oi, ng, kab m laai piawsi.
    ¥x»yªº³æ¥À­µ¦³8ºØ¡A´¶¹ê¥x¤å¥Îa(£«)¡Be(£®)¡Bi(£¸) ¡Bo(£¬)¡Bu(£¹)¡Boi(£­)¡Bng(£¶)¡B©Mm(Ëí )¨Óªí¥Ü¡C

³æ¥À­µ °Ñ¦Òª`­µ °Ñ¦Òº~¦r ¨Ò¥y
a £« akofng(ªü¤½); amar(ªüÀ¨) Akofng, amar lofngzorng ka lie sioiq. ªü¤½ªüÀ¨ÃlÁ`ka§A±¤¡C
e £® e(¤U); ebie(½V¦Ì) E  cidee laang chviar cviuxdaai. ¤U¤@­Ó¤H½Ð¤W¥x¡C
i £¸ i(©ö); iongi(®e©ö) Oih Daigie cyn iongi. ¾Ç¥x»y¯u®e©ö¡C
o £¬ o(¨¡); okao(¶Âª¯) Okao jiog oniaw. ¶Âª¯°l¶Â¿ß¡C
u £¹ u(¦³) U cvii ma booi deg buea. ¦³¿ú¹ÀµL±o¶R¡C
oi £­ oiar(³H¥J); oiloir(Æg¬ü;ºÙÆg) Citee gynar cyn hoong oiloir. ³o­Ó¦_¥J¯uÅý¤HºÙÆg¡C
ng £¶ ngar(¯±­]); ngkym(¶Àª÷) Ngkym laang-laang aix. ¶Àª÷¤H¤H·R¡C
m (µL) m(Ëí;¤£); amr(§B¥À) Zef si m si lie ee? ³o¬O¤£¬O§Aee?

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Daioaan Gybuun Giefnkiux Sia Zhutparn.

¥xÆW»y¤å¬ã¨sªÀ¥Xª©

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Ápµ¸¤H: Zngf Sernghioong(²ø³Ó¶¯)

        ¦a§}:  402 ¥x¤¤¥«¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç¾÷±ñ¨t

        ¹q¸Ü: 04-22851368      ¶Ç¯u: 04-23786409

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¥x¥_Ápµ¸³B:  100 ¥x¥_¥«·Hªùµó100-1¸¹4¼Ó

        Ápµ¸¤H:  APhoy

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Pafnqoaan sofiuo, yniong chviar piaubeeng zhutzhux.

ª©Åv©Ò¦³¡A¤Þ¥Î½Ð¼Ð©ú¥X³B¡C

½s¿è¸s¡G

         Doiq Zhengphoy(¨ô²Mªi)

         Ngg Sikiexn(¶À¸Ö«Ø)

         Laau siauxbeeng(¼B²Ð©ú)

         Ciw Cielioong(©P§Ó¶©)

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¥ZÀY¼ÐÃD¨è¦L¡G

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         Daan Suixsef(³¯·ç¦è)

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